11
Bruno Damiani has approached the Spanish pastoral novel as social realism. See his «Social and Historical Realities of Montemayor's Diana», Crítica Hispánica 4.2 (1982): 111-25, and his La Diana of Montemayor as Social and Religious Teaching (Lexington: Kentucky UP, 1983).
12
Anglicized by Thomas Howell, according to Harry Levin, The Myth of the Golden Age in the Renaissance (New York: Oxford UP, 1972) 115.
13
Julius Klein, The Mesta: A Study in Spanish Economic History 1273-1836 (Port Washington, N. Y.: Kennikat Press, 1972) 332-38. Among the reasons Klein lists for Spanish rural depopulation towards the end of the sixteenth century are: Felipe II's heavy export taxes on merino wool; emigration to America and the big cities; the surge in mayorazgos, and the protection of grazing and pasture lands that discouraged agricultural practices and exacerbated the enmity between towns and the powerful mesta.
14
The imagery is borrowed from the title of a book by Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York: Oxford UP, 1964).
15
Gaspar Mercader, El prado de Valencia (Valencia: Pedro Patricio Mey, 1600). I have used the critical edition of Henri Mérimée, (1907; New York and London: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1971). All further references to this work will include the abbreviated title Prado, and will cite the appropriate page numbers in parentheses. I have modernized the orthography in all quotes.
16
See A. Bartlett Giamatti, The Earthly Paradise and the Renaissance Epic (Princeton: UP, 1969).
17
One of the few works to analyze the contributions of the literary academies is Willard F. King's Prosa novelística y academias literarias en el siglo XVII (Madrid: Anejos del BRAE 10, 1963) 147-51.
18
Pastoral entertainments are the object of a study by Dominick Finello, «Shepherds at Play: Literary Conventions and Disguises in the Pastoral Narratives of the Quijote», in Cervantes and the Pastoral, eds. José J. Labrador Herraiz and Juan Fernández Jiménez, Selected Proceedings of the May 1985 Penn State-Behrend La Galatea Symposium, (Cleveland: Penn State U-Behrend College and Cleveland State U, 1986) 115-28. For further bibliography on the topic, see Finello's note 5, p. 127.
19
The Diccionario de Autoridades gives this definition of «hazer piernas»: «Se dice de los caballos, quando se afirman en ellas y las juegan bien. Y translaticiamente se dice de los hombres que presumen de galanes ó bien hechos».
20
Miguel Botello (Botelho de Carvalho), Prosas y versos del pastor de Clenarda (Madrid: Viuda de Fernando Correa Montenegro, 1622). All further references to this work will include the abbreviated title Clenarda, and will cite the appropriate folio numbers in parentheses. I have modernized the orthography in all quotes.